Earth’s magnetism or Earth's magnetic field:
1) Our earth is like a bar magnet
2) Magnetic lines of force starts from the south and
enters into the north as shown in the above diagram.
3) The place where the magnetic field lines enters is
called earth’s magnetic north pole (Nm)
4) And the place from where the magnetic field lines
starts is called earth’s magnetic south pole. (Sm)
5) Our earth’s magnetic axis is not completely coincide
with the earth’s geographic axis, but it makes an angle 
with
the magnetic axis as shown in the diagram.
6) The earth’s magnetic north pole is called north pole
because north pole of a magnetic needle in compass pointing towards the north.
7) Similarly earth’s magnetic south pole is called south
pole because south pole of a magnetic needle in compass pointing towards the
south.
8) The exact reason of earth’s magnetism is not known
clearly. Scientist believes that inside the earth crust, there is a current or
flow of molten iron and molten nickel in outer core region of earth. Due to
this flow of molten metals, and ions earth produces it’s magnetic field.
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